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Title A name given to the resource MNEMOSYNE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNESCO and ERA Chairs on Digital Cultural Heritage - Digital Heritage Research Lab Cyprus University of Technology EU ERA Chair on Digital Cultural Heritage - MNEMOSYNE Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Hermitage (enkleistra) of Saint Neophytos Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Η Εγκλείστρα του Αγίου Νεοφύτου Subject The topic of the resource Hermitage Saint Neophytos Enkleistra Οrthodox Monastery Byzantine Monument Description An account of the resource The Hermitage (enkleistra) of Saint Neophytos is one of the most celebrated Byzantine twelfth-century monuments worldwide, given the high quality and the unique iconographic program of its frescoes, encountered nowhere else in the Byzantine world, as well as the fact that the whole complex was cut in rock. The monument is connected with an important intangible heritage. The community that was built and organised around Neophytos has been the centre of intellectual production with strong connections to the Byzantine elites of the island and the capital of the Byzantine empire (Constantinople), during the tumultuous period spanning the last decades of the Byzantine era -which ended with the conquest of the island by Richard the Lionheart in 1191- through the first decades of the Frankish period of Cyprus. The intellectual production at the Enkleistra is evidenced by the writings of Neophytos and the composition of the pictorial narratives of the frescoes. The latter has been studied extensively in the past, whereas the writings of Neophytos, as well as the artefacts produced by or connected to the members of the circle of Neophytos both monks and laymen, have made the object of far less study. Saint Neophytos the Recluse (1134-ca.1214) is one of the most important Cypriot Saints and historic figures. He was a prolific writer who composed his biography, an account of the first years of the Latin conquest of the island, as well as several theological treatises. At the age of 17, he became a monk at Koutsoventis Monastery. In search of a solitary life, he quit this Monastery two years later. After many adventures, he decided to become an ascetic in the mountainous area above the city of Paphos. In 1159 he started building his cell, by enlarging and modifying an already existing cave, which was expanded into a complex comprising three caves: the Cell, the Bema and the Naos dedicated to the Holy Cross. Neophytos soon became a well-known spiritual figure and in 1170 he was forced by Basil Kinnamos, the bishop of Paphos at the time, to accept a disciple. During this same period, the Enkleistra began to be extended and adorned with paintings, while the whole cliff was excavated for the creation of additional cells. This extension phase included possibly as well the Refectory, which was also adorned. According to Neophytos’ testimony, however, the Naos was excavated in 1183. The increasing number of pilgrims visiting him obliged Neophytos to dig another cave above the first one (the so-called New Zion), in search of solitude and inner peace. This latter cave was completed and painted by the end of 1197. According to written testimonies, the Enkleistra was painted in 1183 by Theodoros Apseudis, likely a Constantinopolitan painter who came to Cyprus at the instigation of the bishop of Paphos Basil Kinnamos. To the same painter are also attributed the Bema and the Naos of the church of the Virgin at Lagoudera (UNESCO World Heritage monument in Cyprus, dated ca. 1192), as well as at least seven icons currently owned by different ecclesiastical institutions in Cyprus. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saint Neophytos Monastery Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saint Neophytos Monastery UNESCO Chair on Digital Cultural Heritage - Digital Heritage Research Lab Cyprus University of Technology EU ERA Chair on Digital Cultural Heritage - MNEMOSYNE <a href="https://unescochair-dch.net/EU_Study_quality_in_3D_digitisation_of_tangible_cultural_heritage">EU Study VIGIE 2020/654</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UNESCO and ERA Chairs on Digital Cultural Heritage - Digital Heritage Research Lab Cyprus University of Technology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1159 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNESCO and ERA Chairs on Digital Cultural Heritage - Digital Heritage Research Lab Cyprus University of Technology Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CS04 Byzantine Monument Enkleistra Hermitage Orthodox Monastery Saint Neophytos